State v. Walton, 56647
| Citation | 228 N.W.2d 21 |
| Decision Date | 16 April 1975 |
| Docket Number | No. 56647,56647 |
| Parties | STATE of Iowa, Appellee, v. Estell WALTON, Appellant. |
| Court | United States State Supreme Court of Iowa |
Fulton, Frerichs & Nutting, Waterloo, for appellant.
Richard C. Turner, Atty. Gen., and Roxanne Barton Conlin, Asst. Atty. Gen., Des Moines, and David Dutton, County Atty., for appellee.
Considered en banc.
This is an appeal from judgment of conviction entered on defendant's plea of guilty to the crime of murder in the second degree. We reverse and remand for further proceedings.
A detailed chronology of the procedural and non-procedural facts of this case is necessary. Defendant was charged by county attorney's information with the crime of murder as defined in § 690.2, The Code, 1971 for the slaying of Henry Collins in a Waterloo tavern on the night of October 1, 1972. He originally pleaded not guilty to the charge.
While awaiting trial defendant attempted suicide in the Black Hawk County jail where he was confined. He was thereafter transferred to the Men's Reformatory for safekeeping and on authority of the court examined by two psychiatrists, one of his own choosing and the other selected by the State. Their findings as well as other evidence of record bearing on defendant's mental condition will be discussed Infra.
After undergoing psychiatric examination defendant on March 16, 1973 filed notice of his intention to raise the defense of insanity at trial. Shortly thereafter he moved for production of the names of witnesses the State expected to call in rebuttal. The motion was overruled and trial commenced.
Early in the trial defendant made known to the court in chambers that he wished to change his plea of not guilty to guilty. After further discussion with defendant and counsel trial court dismissed the jury sitting on the case and ordered a hearing on defendant's competence to stand trial under chapter 783, The Code.
The only evidence introduced at the chapter 783 hearing, and in fact the only evidence ever formally presented on defendant's mental condition prior to the pre-sentencing hearing, was the testimony of his psychiatrist, Dr. Coleman Burns. Dr. Burns testified that tests performed on defendant indicated he suffered from 'very definite organic brain damage of a chronic nature', had psychotic tendencies and 'was unable to interpret reality'. He diagnosed defendant as having a schizophrenic-like psychosis and hysteria symptoms when under stress and opined he was not then competent to stand trial. The psychiatrist employed by the State to evaluate defendant did not testify at the chapter 783 hearing and trial court overruled defendant's motion urged there for production of his report. The jury found defendant competent to stand trial.
After the chapter 783 hearing concluded and before trial on the merits recommenced the State made available to defendant the report of its psychiatrist, Dr. O. C. Dellamaddelena. It appears from the record of the pre-sentencing hearing where he later testified that Dr. Dellamaddelena had reached essentially the same conclusions regarding defendant's mental condition as had Dr. Burns, finding he had a chronic and long standing personality pattern disturbance, 'schizoid type', diffused organic brain damage and a tendency to distort reality when under stress. Armed with evidence of Dr. Dellamaddelena's findings, defendant moved for new trial under chapter 783, alleging trial court erred in refusing to order production of his report, which defendant claimed was exculpatory. Trial court overruled the motion and set the case for trial on the merits.
Soon after trial resumed defendant again indicated to the court that he wished to plead guilty. Trial court then conducted an extensive inquiry into defendant's understanding of the charge against him and his awareness of the consequences of his plea. Periodically throughout the inquiry defendant's counsel interposed objections, arguing defendant was incompetent to understand the proceedings against him and was attempting to plead guilty against the advice of his counsel. In support of his position defendant was incompetent, counsel cited the reports of Drs. Dellamaddelena and Burns, both of which trial court was apparently aware. Defendant himself rambled incoherently through much of the proceeding, claiming he was pleading guilty to get out of Black Hawk County, to escape jail and to avoid his then existing circumstances, including a trial which he apparently believed was occasioned not by the facts but by personal animosity toward him. Much of what defendant said during the proceeding can only be described as hallucinatory.
The record reveals trial court on several occasions during the plea proceeding considered the possibility of submitting defendant to further psychological evaluation. In the end, however, no direct evidence on the question of defendant's competence was presented and the court after first refusing, finally accepted his plea of guilty over the protest of his counsel. Judgment was then entered on the plea and after a lengthy pre-sentencing hearing trial court sentenced defendant to life imprisonment.
On this appeal defendant contends
a) trial court erred in accepting his guilty plea;
b) trial court erred in refusing to order production of the names of witnesses the State expected to call in rebuttal on his defense of insanity;
c) trial court erred in overruling his motion for production of the state psychiatrist's report;
d) trial court erred in refusing to grant him judgment notwithstanding the verdict at the close of the hearing on his competence to stand trial.
We consider only the first two of these contentions.
I. It should be noted at the outset defendant does not challenge his guilty plea on grounds the guidelines for guilty plea proceedings laid down in State v. Sisco, 169 N.W.2d 542 (Iowa 1969) and Brainard v. State, 222 N.W.2d 711 (Iowa 1974) were violated. He instead argues the plea was improperly accepted because a) it was entered against the advice and over the protest of his counsel, b) he was incompetent to enter a knowing and voluntary plea of guilty.
Defendant's contention his plea should not have been accepted over the protest of his counsel is not persuasive. We have consistently adhered to the rule the decision who to plead is one for the defendant. This is so even where there is a question of defendant's competence lurking in the background. See § 777.12, The Code; State v. Thomas, 205 N.W.2d 717, 723 (Iowa 1973); State v. Rife, 260 Iowa 598, 602, 149 N.W.2d 846, 848 (Iowa 1967). See also State v. Kelley, 195 N.W.2d 702, 704 (Iowa 1972); Walker v. Brewer, 189 N.W.2d 605, 609 (Iowa 1971). We would not be inclined to overturn defendant's plea merely because it was entered against the advice and over the protest of his counsel.
Defendant's contention his plea was improperly accepted because his mental condition at the time of the plea proceeding precluded him from understanding the nature of the proceedings against him and hence from appreciating the consequences of his action raises a much graver problem. Relying on Hickey v. District Court of Kossuth County, 174 N.W.2d 406 (Iowa 1970), he argues there were circumstances before trial court raising a reasonable doubt as to his competence to plead guilty and that trial court erred in accepting his plea without first demanding further demonstration of his competence. Our task here, then, is to examine all the circumstances before trial court to determine if at the time his plea was accepted there existed an unresolved reasonable doubt as to defendant's competence to plead guilty. See State v. Thomas, Supra, 205 N.W.2d 721.
Before reviewing those circumstances, we note the State attmepts to counter defendant's contention his plea was improperly accepted because he was incompetent with the argument trial court's literal compliane with the Sisco/Brainard guidelines rendered the plea acceptable. We...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
State v. Reaves
...(1975); State v. Fryer, 226 N.W.2d 36 (1975); State v. Greene, 226 N.W.2d 829 (1975); State v. Vogel, 228 N.W.2d 8 (1975); State v. Walton, 228 N.W.2d 21 (1975); State v. Runge, 228 N.W.2d 35 (1975); State v. Tillman, 228 N.W.2d 38 (1975); State v. Dentler, 231 N.W.2d 594 (1975); State v. F......
-
State v. Kempf
...upon review we made our own independent examination of the record to determine whether a reasonable doubt existed. E. g., State v. Walton, 228 N.W.2d 21, 24 (Iowa 1975). We believe the legislature changed the language of the statute in an effort to simplify the test for determining when a c......
-
State v. LaBarre
...constitutional requirements for discovery enunciated in Wardius v. Oregon, supra, extend beyond the defense of alibi. Cf., State v. Walton, 228 N.W.2d 21 (Iowa 1975) wherein it was held that Wardius required reciprocal discovery as to witnesses on the defense of Moreover, in 1975, the Arizo......
-
State v. Folck
...XIV, and the Iowa Constitution, Art. I, § 9. Defendant's whole theory, including the constitutional argument, is based on State v. Walton, 228 N.W.2d 21, 25 (Iowa 1975), which deals solely with rebuttal of alibi testimony. The trial court correctly ruled that the testimony of Jeanne Rocque ......