Hall v. Seattle School Dist. 1

• Decision Date: 06 July 1992
• Docket Number: No. 27777-4-I,No. 1,1,27777-4-I
• Citation: 831 P.2d 1128,66 Wn.App. 308
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals
• Parties: , 75 Ed. Law Rep. 558 Hayward HALL, Appellant, v. SEATTLE SCHOOL DISTRICT, a municipal corporation, Respondent.

Page 308

66 Wn.App. 308

831 P.2d 1128, 75 Ed. Law Rep. 558

Hayward HALL, Appellant, v. SEATTLE SCHOOL DISTRICT No. 1, a municipal corporation, Respondent.

No. 27777-4-I.

Court of Appeals of Washington Division 1.

July 6, 1992.

William B. Knowles, Seattle, for appellant.

Lawrence B. Ransom, Susan K. McClellan, Karr, Tuttle, Campbell, Seattle, for respondent.

FORREST, Judge.

Hayward Hall (hereinafter Hall) appeals the superior court's ruling that the Seattle School District (hereinafter District) timely appealed the hearing officer's decision. The District cross-appeals, asserting that the superior court erred in denying the District's motion to dismiss Hall's subsequent appeal to the superior court on the basis of insufficient service. We affirm.

The issues presented by this appeal are purely procedural. ¹ The torturous history of these proceedings is set forth in the Appendix. Hall's appeal focuses on a September 26, 1989, decision of the superior court remanding the case for further proceedings before the hearing officer. Hall contends that since the District did not appeal the hearing officer's initial decision within 30 days, the superior court was without jurisdiction to hear the District's petition. It is undisputed that the District appealed within 30 days of the hearing officer's denial of its motion for reconsideration. Hall argues that the petition to the superior court was untimely, and thus the hearing officer's initial decision of August 30, 1988, invalidating the second Notice of Probable Cause, remains valid and precluded the hearing officer from considering the facts developed in the June 14 and 15, 1988, hearing in reaching his ultimate decision to affirm discharge on March 29, 1990. ² Hall's appeal to this court involves two separate issues: (1) Does the hearing officer have authority to entertain a motion for reconsideration, and if so, (2) does the time for an appeal from his order run from the date of the order or from the date of denial of reconsideration?

I

We first address the District's cross appeal, which asserts that the superior court erred in failing to dismiss Hall's appeal for insufficient service. RCW 28A.58.460 ³ provides:

Any teacher ... desiring to appeal from any action or failure to act upon the part of a school board ... may serve upon the chairman of the school board and file with the clerk of the superior court ... a notice of appeal....

The notice of appeal was served on the secretary of the chair of the school board rather than on the chair. The District argues that this statute requires personal service upon the chair of the school board and that failure to do so mandates dismissal of the appeal. We disagree.

As a preliminary matter we note that RCW 28A.58.460 does not specifically address decisions of the hearing officer, but refers only to board actions. In substituting proceedings before a hearing officer for proceedings before the board, the Legislature apparently neglected to amend this section to reflect the new procedure. ⁴

We find that the issue in this case is governed by In re Saltis, ⁵ which held that substantial compliance with statutes that prescribe methods of service is sufficient. ⁶ The statute at issue in Saltis was RCW 51.52.110, ⁷ which provides that service for industrial insurance appeals is to be "on the director and on the board". ⁸ We find that service under RCW 28A.58.460 "upon the chairman" is directly analogous to the requirements of service under RCW 51.52.110 and that the following language from Saltis states the proper rule to be applied:

Even if we did not consider the cases of Lidke [v. Brandt, 21 Wash.2d 137, 150 P.2d 399 (1944) ], Rybarczyk [v. Department of Labor & Indus., 24 Wash.App. 591, 602 P.2d 724 (1979) ], MacVeigh [v. Division of Unemployment Compensation, 19 Wash.2d 383, 142 P.2d 900 (1943) ], and Smith [v. Department of Labor & Indus., 23 Wash.App. 516, 596 P.2d 296 (1979) ] distinguishable because of the clear evidence regarding actual notice to the Director, we would warn against slavish adherence to the precedent they represent. The requirement of notice contained in RCW 51.52.110 is a practical one meant to insure that interested parties receive actual notice of appeals of Board decisions. As noted by the Court of Appeals in In re Saltis, supra [25 Wash.App. 214] at 219 [607 P.2d 316 (1980) ], "the test for legal sufficiency ... is ... whether the notice was reasonably calculated to reach the intended parties." Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 94 L.Ed. 865, 70 S.Ct. 652 (1949); Thayer v. Edmonds, 8 Wn.App. 36, 42, 503 P.2d 1110 (1972). In cases considering the court's general jurisdiction, we have stated that "substantial compliance" with procedural rules is sufficient, because "delay and even the loss of lawsuits [should not be] occasioned by unnecessarily complex and vagrant procedural technicalities":

[T]he basic purpose of the new rules of civil procedure is to eliminate or at least to minimize technical miscarriages of justice inherent in archaic procedural concepts once characterized by Vanderbilt as "the sporting theory of justice."

Curtis Lumber Co. v. Sortor, 83 Wn.2d 764, 767, 522 P.2d 822 (1974).

In re Saltis, 94 Wash.2d 889, 895-896, 621 P.2d 716 (1980).

Hall's notice of appeal was delivered to the secretary of the chair of the school board in the office of the school board and delivered by her to the office of the general counsel pursuant to standard operating procedures. The chair of the school board is a part-time unpaid position. Thus, the person serving as chair is not available every day at the school board office for service. Indeed, the chair could easily be unavailable for service for long periods, by being out-of-state on vacation or by reason of business travel. After an adverse decision, a teacher may need some time to decide whether to appeal, leaving only a few days for service. It is incomprehensible that the Legislature intended that inability to serve a specific individual, particularly one with limited availability, should preclude an appeal. We are supported in this view by the provision in RCW 28A.58.450 ⁹regarding a teacher's request for a hearing after receipt of a notice of probable cause. That statute provides:

Every such employee so notified, at his or her request made in writing and filed with the president, chairman of the board or secretary of the board of directors of the district ... shall be granted opportunity for a hearing....

(Emphasis supplied.) RCW 28A.58.450. There is no reason for the Legislature to provide more generous and practical means of service for a request for a hearing before a hearing officer than for a notice of appeal from the hearing officer's decision to the superior court.

As in Saltis, the District in the case at bar timely received actual notice, so there is no prejudice. Service on the chair's secretary was calculated to give notice to her and to the District. Undoubtedly, service on the secretary achieved the same result as if Ms. Smith, the chair, had been in her office and served personally. The defect in service is purely formal, without practical importance, and not a proper basis to deny Hall's access to the courts.

The District argues that Nitardy v. Snohomish Cy., ¹⁰ and Landreville v. Shoreline Community College Dist. 7, ¹¹ require a different result. In Nitardy, the statute required service on the county auditor. However, the plaintiff served the secretary of the county executive. ¹² The court held that such service was insufficient. ¹³ In Landreville, the statute required that service be made on the attorney general or an assistant attorney general. The plaintiff served an administrative assistant to the attorney general. ¹⁴ That court also held such service to be insufficient. ¹⁵

Significantly, neither Nitardy or Landreville cite to Saltis, or refute the court's persuasive policy analysis. Moreover, both cases are factually distinguishable from the case at bar. The facts in Nitardy would be equivalent to service on the secretary to the superintendent of schools rather than on the secretary to the proper party, as in our case. In Landreville, the statute provided for service to a number of people, obviating some of our concerns about service on a specific individual with no alternative provided. The existence of alternatives makes the irregularity in Landreville less excusable than the alleged defect in service herein involved.

Where timely notice is in fact received by the District and there is absolutely no prejudice, we fail to see any reasonable policy basis for not holding substantial compliance sufficient. The superior court did not err in denying the motion to dismiss.

II

Hall asserts that because RCW 28A.58.455, ¹⁶ prescribing the procedures to be followed by the hearing officer, does not explicitly authorize a hearing officer to entertain a motion for reconsideration, an officer has no such power. We disagree. The statute does not explicitly prohibit reconsideration. Nor does it purport to itemize every power of the hearing officer. On the contrary, it provides that the hearing officer "shall preside ... and in connection therewith shall ... (b) make other appropriate rulings of law and procedure." RCW 28A.58.455(7).

The hearing officer has the power to provide additional methods of discovery as may be authorized by the civil rules applicable in superior court. ¹⁷ The officer also has the power to rule on the admissibility of evidence pursuant to the rules of evidence applicable in superior court. ¹⁸ These provisions indicate that the hearing officer shall act substantially as a judge hearing a case without a jury. A judge has the authority to hear motions for reconsideration. Likewise, administrative law judges may entertain motions for reconsideration under the Administrative Procedure Act. ¹⁹ The functions of a hearing officer are very similar to those of the...