Kapua v. State

• Citation: 491 S.E.2d 387,228 Ga.App. 193
• Decision Date: 05 August 1997
• Docket Number: No. A97A1641,A97A1641
• Parties: , 97 FCDR 3098 KAPUA v. The STATE.
• Court: United States Court of Appeals (Georgia)

Page 387

491 S.E.2d 387

228 Ga.App. 193, 97 FCDR 3098

KAPUA v. The STATE.

No. A97A1641.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

Aug. 5, 1997.

Reconsideration Denied Aug. 20, 1997.

J. Richardson Brannon, Gainesville, for appellant.

Roger G. Queen, District Attorney, for appellee.

BLACKBURN, Judge.

Ronald Cleto Kapua appeals his convictions on two counts of child molestation and one count of cruelty to children, asserting that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict. He also raises issues of prosecutorial misconduct and ineffective assistance of counsel.

1. Kapua contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for new trial on the grounds that the verdict was contrary to the evidence and principles of justice and equity and was strongly against the weight of the evidence. See OCGA §§ 5-5-20; 5-5-21. However, "[t]he denial of a new trial on these grounds addresses itself to the discretion of the trial judge. On appeal, this Court only reviews the evidence to determine if there is sufficient evidence to support the verdict, which is a matter of law, not discretion." (Citation omitted.) Jones v. State, 219 Ga.App. 780(1), 466 S.E.2d 667 (1996). "On appeal from a criminal conviction, the evidence must be construed in the light most favorable to the verdict, and the appellant no longer enjoys a presumption of innocence.... To sustain the conviction, the evidence must be sufficient to authorize the jury's finding of the defendant's guilt of the crime charged beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979)." (Punctuation omitted.) West v. State, 224 Ga.App. 190(1), 480 S.E.2d 238 (1997).

Kapua contends that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction because the victim, his stepdaughter, denied at trial that the acts of molestation occurred. For the reasons discussed below, however, this contention is without merit.

Pursuant to OCGA § 24-3-16, which allows admission of hearsay statements of a child relating to acts of sexual contact or physical abuse, the State introduced evidence of out-of-court statements made by the child relating to acts of molestation by Kapua. Elizabeth White, the child's school counselor, testified that the child told her Kapua had touched her on her breasts, buttocks, and "private parts." She testified that the child told her Kapua had also exposed himself to her and asked her to touch his private parts. The child said this had occurred on several occasions. White testified that the child later repeated these statements in more detail in a meeting with White and two other individuals, Kathy Kolberg of the Fannin County Department of Family & Children Services (DFACS) and Diane Davis of the Fannin County Sheriff's Department.

Dr. David Jones, a psychologist who counseled the child, testified that the child told him Kapua touched her on the breasts, anus, and vagina. She told him this had happened nine or ten times, and that many times Kapua had asked her to touch his penis. Jones testified that he counseled the child on a regular basis, and that she confirmed these accounts on at least two subsequent occasions.

Kathy Kolberg, the DFACS caseworker, testified that she and Diane Davis interviewed the child on February 25, 1995, at the DFACS office. This interview was videotaped, and the tape was introduced into evidence and played before the jury. In the tape, the child repeated her accusations that Kapua touched her on the breasts, buttocks, and vagina.

At trial, however, the child, who was then ten years old, denied that Kapua had touched her anywhere except the chest and denied telling Davis and White that Kapua had touched her anywhere else. She testified that she never touched Kapua's private parts and denied ever telling anyone that she had. She testified that she had not talked with Dr. Jones about Kapua touching her.

Although the child's trial testimony contradicted her statements in the videotape and the testimony that she had told others of Kapua's actions, this does not render the evidence insufficient to support the verdict. OCGA § 24-3-16 "requires only that the child be available to testify; it does not require the child to corroborate the hearsay testimony." Jones v. State, 200 Ga.App. 103, 407 S.E.2d 85 (1991). See also Braddy v. State, 205 Ga.App. 424, 425(2), 422 S.E.2d 260 (1992). "[C]onflicts between the videotaped statement and the testimony of the child at trial would not necessarily render the former inadmissible, but would rather present a question of credibility of the witness to be resolved by the trier of fact, here the jury." Ware v. State, 191 Ga.App. 896, 897(2), 383 S.E.2d 368 (1989). "The thrust of the child witness statute is to allow the jury, which must be convinced of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, to judge the credibility of a child's accusations. If a child, who has reported child molestation to an adult permitted to testify to the out-of-court statement at trial, is incapable of reiterating the accusation at trial or is unresponsive or evasive during cross-examination, the jury must decide the child's credibility." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Jones, 200 Ga.App. at 103, 407 S.E.2d 85.

There was evidence from which the jury could have concluded that the child was pressured by her family to change her testimony at trial. After DFACS raised allegations of child abuse, the child's mother and natural father went to see the child, who was staying with her great-grandmother. After the mother left, the police were called to the house. Officer Harrison testified that the great-grandmother told him the mother had brought a tape recorder and attempted to get the child to deny that anything had happened. According to the great-grandmother, the mother would ask a question, then tell the child how to respond. If the child did not give the proper answer, the mother would spank her and the child would cry. Officer Harrison also testified that the child confirmed these facts to him.

At trial, the great-grandmother denied that she had made such a statement to Harrison and denied that the mother had tape-recorded the child. However, "a prior inconsistent statement of a witness who takes the stand and is subject to cross-examination is admissible as substantive evidence, and is not limited in value only to impeachment purposes.... [T]he jury can determine whether to believe the present testimony, the prior testimony--or neither." Gibbons v. State, 248 Ga. 858, 862-863, 286 S.E.2d 717 (1982). Accordingly, the great-grandmother's statement to Harrison regarding the mother's actions was admissible as substantive evidence and not merely for impeachment of the great-grandmother's trial testimony. The jury could have believed Harrison's account of...