State v. Lyle
| Decision Date | 28 July 1987 |
| Docket Number | No. C8-87-755,C8-87-755 |
| Citation | 409 N.W.2d 549 |
| Parties | STATE of Minnesota, Respondent, v. Michael James LYLE, Appellant. |
| Court | Minnesota Court of Appeals |
Syllabus by the Court
Where the record fails to contain an adequate factual basis for an uncounseled DWI guilty plea, that prior plea cannot be used to enhance a subsequent DWI conviction to a gross misdemeanor.
Hubert H. Humphrey III, State Atty. Gen., St. Paul, Timothy R. Faver, Beltrami Co. Atty., Bemidji, for respondent.
Mark L. Rodgers, Asst. Public Defender, Bemidji, for appellant.
Considered and decided by NIERENGARTEN, P.J., FOLEY and RANDALL, JJ., with oral argument waived.
Following a court trial, appellant Michael James Lyle was convicted of driving with an alcohol concentration of over .10 within five years of a previous similar conviction in violation of Minn.Stat. Sec. 169.121, subds. 1(a) and 3(a) (1986).
On appeal, Lyle claims that the record fails to show a sufficient factual basis for his prior uncounseled guilty plea and that enhancement of the current charge to a gross misdemeanor based on that prior uncounseled plea was improper. We agree, and reverse and remand the matter for resentencing as a misdemeanor. 1
On August 24, 1986, Lyle was arrested in the city of Bemidji for driving while under the influence of alcohol. A breath sample showed an alcohol concentration of .14. Because he had been convicted of DWI in 1985, he was charged with a gross misdemeanor DWI under Minn.Stat. Sec. 169.121, subd. 3(a).
At the omnibus hearing, Lyle claimed that his prior uncounseled guilty plea was invalid and could not be used to enhance the current offense to a gross misdemeanor. By stipulation the following evidence was admitted regarding that prior plea and sentencing: an August 30, 1985 transcript of Lyle's first appearance and plea at which he was given a group advisory and questioned individually; an "Admission to a Petition Alleging a Juvenile Traffic Offense" signed by Lyle on August 30, 1985 and accepted by the trial court on September 6, 1985; and a September 6, 1985 transcript of the sentencing hearing.
The omnibus court thereafter issued an order and found that the August 30, 1985 transcript of Lyle's plea indicated that his rights were properly waived following the group warning. The court further found that although the written petition to plead guilty "was one commonly used in juvenile court rather than adult court," it contained a sufficient factual basis for the entry and acceptance of his plea. Lyle's motion to prevent enhancement was therefore denied.
Lyle subsequently sought reconsideration of his motion, arguing that the record failed to establish an adequate factual basis for his prior plea. In a second order again denying Lyle's motion, the omnibus court found that an adequate factual basis existed in a presentence investigation report (PSI) which indicated that Lyle's blood alcohol level was .17. 2
Lyle thereafter entered a plea of not guilty to the current offense, and the parties agreed to submit the matter to the court based on the files and police reports. This appeal followed Lyle's conviction and sentencing.
Does the record fail to show an adequate factual basis for entry and acceptance of Lyle's 1985 uncounseled guilty plea?
On appeal, Lyle does not claim that he did not understand his rights when he made this prior plea, nor does he attack the prior plea on constitutional grounds by contending that his waiver of counsel was invalid. As such, this case is distinguishable from the line of cases following State v. Nordstrom, 331 N.W.2d 901 (Minn.1983). Lyle's sole claim is that his prior plea cannot be considered as the basis for enhancing the current charge to a gross misdemeanor because the record fails to establish that it had an adequate factual basis. See State v. Sandmoen, 390 N.W.2d 419, 421 (Minn.Ct.App.1986).
Prior to acceptance of a guilty plea, whether in a felony or misdemeanor case, the trial court must determine whether the plea is "accurate, voluntary and intelligent (i.e., knowingly and understandingly made)", and whether there is an adequate factual basis for the plea on the record. State v. Trott, 338 N.W.2d 248, 251 (Minn.1983); State v. Hoaglund, 307 Minn. 322, 325, 240 N.W.2d 4, 5 (1976). One of the purposes of the factual basis requirement is to insure the accuracy of the plea, "that is, to ensure that the defendant is guilty of a crime at least as serious as that to which he is entering his plea." Beaman v. State, 301 Minn. 180, 183, 221 N.W.2d 698, 700 (1974).
The factual basis requirement is also essential to a determination of whether a plea is voluntary and represents a knowing and intelligent choice of the available courses of action. State v. Goulette, 258 N.W.2d 758, 761 (Minn.1977). The record must show that the defendant understood the elements of the offense and any available defenses, and the possible consequences of conviction. See Kelsey v. State, 298 Minn. 531, 214 N.W.2d 236 (1974) (); State v. Taylor, 288 Minn. 37, 178 N.W.2d 892 (1970) (); State v. Bryant, 378 N.W.2d 108, 110 (Minn.Ct.App.1985), pet. for rev. denied, (Minn. Jan. 23, 1986) (factual basis sufficient where record established that counseled defendant understood major elements of crime and freely admitted guilt).
When a defendant is represented by counsel, it is generally presumed that he has been informed of the nature of the offense and of his alternatives. State v. Russell, 306 Minn. 274, 275, 236 N.W.2d 612, 613 (1975); State v. Dickson, 294 Minn. 459, 460, 199 N.W.2d 423, 424 (1972). Where a guilty plea is uncounseled, however, the factual basis requirement is particularly important to show that the defendant has made a voluntary and intelligent plea. See State v. Vieburg, 404 N.W.2d 312 (Minn.Ct.App.1987).
The factual basis requirement is usually satisfied when the court asks the defendant to express in his own words what happened. Other ways of establishing a factual basis include testimony of witnesses and statements summarizing the evidence. Holscher v. State, 282 N.W.2d 866, 867 (Minn.1979); Trott, 338 N.W.2d at 251 (citing Kochevar v. State, 281 N.W.2d 680 (Minn.1979); State v. Goulette, 258 N.W.2d 758 (Minn.1977)).
In misdemeanor cases, guilty pleas are often uncounseled. The factual basis requirement may nonetheless be easily met by following one of the alternative methods set...
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