State v. Scott
Decision Date | 16 April 2021 |
Docket Number | No. 78A20,78A20 |
Citation | 856 S.E.2d 507,377 N.C. 199 |
Parties | STATE of North Carolina v. William Lee SCOTT |
Court | North Carolina Supreme Court |
Joshua H. Stein, Attorney General, by Kathryne E. Hathcock, Assistant Attorney General, for the State-appellee.
M. Gordon Widenhouse Jr., for defendant-appellant.
¶ 1 To address this appeal, this Court must decide whether the Court of Appeals erred by not deciding whether an error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt and by placing the burden on defendant to show the error was prejudicial. We conclude the Court of Appeals erred. Thus, we reverse the Court of Appeals’ decision and remand to the Court of Appeals to apply the proper standard.
¶ 2 On 21 June 2013, defendant's car collided with another vehicle. The driver of the other vehicle was pronounced dead at the scene. Defendant was transported to Moses Cone Hospital where he was treated and released. The State filed an application for an order for Moses Cone Hospital medical records, seeking medical records and the defendant's blood from his 21 June 2013 admission to the hospital. The trial court issued an order directing Moses Cone Hospital to provide defendant's medical records and blood. The North Carolina State Crime Laboratory issued a report containing the analysis of blood testing on defendant's blood on 29 July 2013. The laboratory report contained the analyst's opinion that the blood alcohol concentration of defendant's blood was .22 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood.
¶ 3 Subsequently, in September 2013, the State obtained a grand jury indictment against defendant for second-degree murder, felony death by vehicle, and misdemeanor death by vehicle. Before trial, defendant filed a motion to suppress. In the motion, defendant sought to exclude evidence generated from defendant's blood, arguing the blood was obtained in violation of the Constitutions of the United States and of North Carolina. The trial court denied defendant's motion to suppress.
¶ 4 At trial, the State introduced, and the trial court admitted into evidence the laboratory report and testimony from its expert that the blood alcohol concentration of defendant's blood was .22 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (collectively, blood test results). Defendant preserved his objection to the admission of the blood test results during trial.
¶ 5 The jury returned a verdict of guilty of second-degree murder and felony death by motor vehicle. The trial court subsequently entered judgment on second-degree murder and arrested judgment on felony death by vehicle. Defendant appealed.
¶ 6 On appeal, the Court of Appeals held that the trial court erred by denying defendant's motion to suppress and by not excluding the blood test results. State v. Scott , 269 N.C. App. 457, 465, 838 S.E.2d 676 (2020). The Court of Appeals’ decision stated in pertinent part:
Id. at 463–65, 838 S.E.2d 676 (cleaned up). The Court of Appeals’ decision then addressed the prejudicial effect of the error. Id. at 465–66, 838 S.E.2d 676. The Court of Appeals held:
¶ 7 The dissent joined a portion of the majority decision, concurring "in the holding that Defendant's motion to suppress this evidence should have been granted." Id. at 467, 838 S.E.2d 676 (Brook, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). However, the dissent disagreed with the portion of the majority decision holding that the admission of the blood test results did not constitute prejudicial error. Id. at 467–68, 838 S.E.2d 676. The dissent observed that the majority decision "seems to be based on a misapplication of the applicable legal standard." Id. at 472, 838 S.E.2d 676. The dissent identified the standard as "whether [the court] can ‘declare a belief that [the federal constitutional error] was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.’ " Id. ( )(quoting State v. Lawrence , 365 N.C. 506, 513, 723 S.E.2d 326 (2012) ). The dissent applied that standard and concluded he could not state that the admission of the blood test results was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 472–73, 838 S.E.2d 676.
¶ 8 "[B]efore a federal constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that [the error] was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt." Chapman v. California , 386 U.S. 18, 24, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967) ; see also Davis v. Ayala , 576 U.S. 257, 267, 135 S.Ct. 2187, 192 L.Ed.2d 323 (2015) ; N.C.G.S. § 15A-1443(b) (2019).1 The burden falls "upon the State to demonstrate, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the error was harmless." N.C.G.S. § 15A-1443(b) ; see also Brecht v. Abrahamson , 507 U.S. 619, 630, 113 S.Ct. 1710, 123 L.Ed.2d 353 (1993) ; Chapman , 386 U.S. at 24, 87 S.Ct. 824 ; Lawrence , 365 N.C. at 513, 723 S.E.2d 326.
¶ 9 In this case, the Court of Appeals held that the motion to suppress should have been sustained. Scott , 269 N.C. App. at 465, 838 S.E.2d 676. In reaching this conclusion, the Court of Appeals held that the order resulting in the production of the blood to the State was not based on either probable cause or exigent circumstances. Id. at 464–65, 838 S.E.2d 676. Since the absence of probable cause and exigent circumstances for a search or seizure2 violates the Constitution of the United States absent a warrant or another exception to the warrant requirement, the Court of Appeals effectively held that a federal constitutional error occurred. See U.S. Const. amend. IV ; State v. Welch , 316 N.C. 578, 587, 342 S.E.2d 789 (1986) (...
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...agreed Defendant's constitutional rights were violated. State v. Scott , 269 N.C. App. 457, 465, 838 S.E.2d 676, 681 (2020), rev'd , 377 N.C. 199, 2021-NCSC-41, 856 S.E.2d 507 (2021). See U.S. Const. amend. IV ; State v. Welch, 316 N.C. 578, 587, 342 S.E.2d 789, 794 (1986) (interpreting the......